ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of intravitreal bevacizumab injections following a single dexamethasone implant in the treatment of macular edema secondary to branch and central retinal vein occlusion. Methods: This was a prospective interventional non-comparative study, 44 eyes of patients with naïve macular edema related to branch and central retinal vein occlusion were treated with a dexamethasone implant. Patients were followed-up at four-week intervals from the second to the sixth month. If persistent or recurrent macular edema occurred during this period, the patient was treated with intravitreal bevacizumab injections on an as-needed basis. The outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity and central macular thickness changes. Results: The mean best-corrected visual acuity changed from 0.97 ± 0.33 LogMAR at baseline to 0.54 ± 0.40 at the six-month post-implant examination (p<0.00001). Improvement ≥3 Snellen lines were seen in 20 eyes (45.54%). The mean central macular thickness at baseline was 670.25 ± 209.9 microns. This had decreased to 317.43 ± 112.68 microns at the six-month follow-up (p<0.00001). The mean number of intravitreal bevacizumab injections received in the six months post-implant was 2.32. The mean time from dexamethasone implant to first anti-VEGF injection was 3.45 months. Conclusions: Intravitreal bevacizumab injections following a single dexamethasone implant were found to improve best-corrected visual acuity and central macular thickness in patients with macular edema due to branch and central retinal vein occlusion at six months, with few intravitreal injections required.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da combinação de injeções intravítreas de bevacizumabe em olhos com edema macular secundário à oclusão de ramo e da veia central da retina após um único implante de dexametasona. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo intervencionista não comparativo com 44 olhos de pacientes com edema macular relacionado à oclusão de ramo e veia central da retina, sem tratamento prévio e tratados com um único implante de dexametasona, que foram acompanhados em intervalos de quatro semanas do segundo ao sexto mês. Se fosse constatado edema macular persistente ou recorrente durante esse período, os pacientes eram tratados com injeções intravítreas de bevacizumabe em um regime ajustado conforme a necessidade. Foram estudadas a melhor acuidade visual corrigida e alterações da espessura macular central. Resultados: A média da melhor acuidade visual corrigida mudou de 0,97 ± 0,33 LogMAR iniciais para 0,54 ± 0,40 no exame de 6 meses (p<0,00001). Vinte olhos (45,54%) melhoraram 3 linhas de Snellen ou mais. A média da espessura macular central inicial foi de 670,25 ± 209,9 μm e diminuiu para 317,43 ± 112,68 μm na visita de 6 meses (p<0,00001). O número médio de injeções intravítreas de bevacizumabe em 6 meses foi de 2,32 e o tempo médio entre o implante de dexametasona e a primeira injeção de anti-VEGF foi de 3,45 meses. Conclusão: Injeções intravítreas de bevacizumabe após um único implante de dexametasona podem proporcionar um aumento da melhor acuidade visual corrigida e diminuição da espessura macular central aos 6 meses em pacientes com edema macular devido à oclusão de ramo e da veia central da retina, com poucas injeções intravítreas.

In Morelos, root rot caused by Fusarium spp., is one of the main diseases of indoor poinsettia. In order to prevent or control its devastating effect, frequent applications of chemical products are performed, with inherent risks to human health and environment. In quest for alternative biorational options, an essay in which three commercial strains of Trichoderma spp., was done, in three different substrates: S1= "organic soil" (70% v/v)+thick tezontle (15% v/v)+thin tezontle (10% v/v)+agrolita (5% v/v); S2= peat moss (80% v/v)+ coconut fiber (20% v/v); S3= "organic soil" (70%)+"tepojal" (30%), in most common commercial varieties, Freedom Red and Prestige Red. A factorial design of 4 x 3 x 2 treatment was used and resulting treatments were evaluated in a completely random design with six repetitions. Regards root rot incidence, commercial strains of Trichoderma spp., did not show differences between them, either with chemical control. Root rot was associated with S2, due low aeration capacity, and only it was seen in Prestige Red. Population of Trichoderma spp.,(UFC g-¹) in the substrate at end of cycle was the same (p< 0.05) between commercial strains and between them and the control (without inoculation), due presence of native strains of Trichoderma in organic components of substrates ("organic soil", peat moss and coconut fiber).

En Morelos, la pudrición de la raíz causada por Fusarium spp., es una de las principales enfermedades de la nochebuena de interior. Por su efecto devastador, en su prevención o control se realizan aplicaciones frecuentes de productos químicos, con los riesgos inherentes a la salud humana y al ambiente. En la búsqueda de alternativas bioracionales al manejo de esta enfermedad, se realizó un ensayo en el que se evaluaron tres cepas comerciales de Trichoderma spp., en tres diferentes sustratos: S1= "tierra de hoja" (70% v/v)+tezontle grueso (15% v/v)+tezontle fino (10% v/v)+agrolita (5% v/v); S2= turba (80% v/v)+ fibra de coco (20% v/v); S3= "tierra de hoja" (70%) + "tepojal" (30%), en las variedades comerciales más comunes, Freedom Red y Prestige Red. Se utilizó un diseño factorial de tratamientos 4 x 3 x 2 y los tratamientos resultantes se evaluaron en un diseño completamente al azar con seis repeticiones. Respecto a la incidencia de pudrición de la raíz, las cepas comerciales de Trichoderma spp., no mostraron diferencias entre sí ni con el testigo químico. La pudrición de la raíz estuvo asociada con S2, debido a una baja capacidad de aireación, y sólo se presentó en Prestige Red. La población (UFC g-¹) de Trichoderma spp., en el sustrato al término del ciclo, fue igual (p< 0.05) entre cepas comerciales y entre estas y el testigo químico (sin inoculación), debido a la presencia de cepas nativas de Trichoderma en los componentes orgánicos de los sustratos ("tierra de hoja", turba y fibra de coco).